Erythropoeitin (EPO), produced primarily by the kidneys, is the primary regulatory factor of erythropoiesis. It promotes the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the erythroid progenitors. Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by inducing growth and differentiation of burst forming units and colony forming units into mature red blood cells. EPO produced by kidney cells is increased in response to hypoxia or anemia. The biological effects of erythropoietin are mediated by the erythropoietin receptor, which binds EPO with high affinity and is a potent EPO antagonist. EPO contains three N-linked glycosylation sites. The glycosylation of erythropoietin is required for the biological activities of erythropoietin in vivo.
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